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Conspicuous Correlation: Retail Sales January 2008

Today, the U.S. Census Bureau released its latest nominal read on retail sales showing 0.3% growth from December 2007 and 3.9% compared to January 2007 on an aggregate of all items including food, fuel and healthcare services.

Discretionary retail sales including home furnishings, home garden and building materials, consumer electronics and department store sales, on the other hand, experienced a significant decline falling 1.26% since December 2007 and 2.79% compared to January 2007, the worst nominal year-over-year decline since February 2003.

Further, adjusted for inflation, discretionary retail sales declined 6.48% since January 2007, the single largest monthly decline since at least January 1993.

On a “nominal” basis, there appeared to be “rough correlation” between strong home value appreciation and strong retail spending preceding the housing bust and an even stronger correlation when home values started to decline.

The following charts show my initial analysis plotting the year-over-year change to an aggregate series consisting of the primary discretionary retail sales categories that I termed the “discretionary” retail sales series and the year-over-year change to the S&P/Case-Shiller Composite home price index since 1993 and since 2000.

As you can see there was, at the very least, a coincidental change to home values and consumer spending during the boom and then the bust, but as home values have continued to decline substantially, retail spending has remained low but has not continued to consistently contract.

One problem with this initial analysis is that both retail sales and the S&P/Case-Shiller Composite index are reported in “nominal” (i.e. non-inflation adjusted) terms and thus result in a somewhat skewed view especially for the retail sales data.

In fact, the year-over-year change to “nominal” discretionary retail sales has shown some positive months recently while the year-over-year change to “real” discretionary retail sales has been negative for thirteen straight months (see the following chart).

The key point here is that although inflation (as reported by the CPI) has been relatively stable in recent years it is always a factor and in light of the latest surprise increases to the CPI results as well as many anecdotal reports of producers now passing through increasing energy prices to the consumer, it’s important to adjust retail sales (and home values) in order to fully understand its direction.

As you can see from the above charts (click for larger version), adjusted for inflation (CPI for retail sales, CPI less shelter for S&P/Case-Shiller Composite) the “rough correlation” between the year-over-year change to the “discretionary” retail sales series and the year-over-year S&P/Case-Shiller Composite series seems now even more significant.

Given the anecdotal accounts of homeowners drawing equity out of their homes with refi’s and HELOCs and using the proceeds to buy consumer goods, it could be interesting to attempt to “shift” the retail spending in time as the decline to home values would surely precede a pullback in consumer spending but for now I’ll leave it aligned and work on the shifting in a later post.

In past posts I attempted to build a 12 month moving Pearson’s correlation series in order to demonstrate the true correlation between the rate of change of both discretionary retail sales and home values but although the movements may be coincidental, they really share no actual binding correlation.

I may dust off the correlation chart in future posts but for now let’s just assume that both home values and discretionary retail sales are not doing very well, especially in “real” terms and the correlation is at least coincidental with the overall unhealthy state of the economy.

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  • Today, the U.S. Census Bureau released its latest nominal read on retail sales showing a decline of 0.6% from January 2008 and a 2.6% increase since February 2007 on an aggregate of all items including food, fuel and healthcare services.

    Discretionary retail sales including home furnishings, home garden and building materials, consumer electronics and department store sales, on the other hand, experienced a significant decline falling 0.38% since January 2008 and 1.88% compared to February 2007.

    Further, adjusted for inflation, discretionary retail sales declined 5.74% since February 2007.

  • In light of recent increases to consumer prices and declining retail sales, I’ve reworked my analysis of the possible correlation between falling home values and declining consumption of the most “discretionary” retail items.

    On a “nominal” basis, there appeared to be “rough correlation” between strong home value appreciation and strong retail spending preceding the housing bust and an even stronger correlation when home values started to decline.

  • Today, the U.S. Census Bureau released its latest nominal read on retail sales showing a increase of 0.2% from February 2008 and 2.0% since March 2007 on an aggregate of all items including food, fuel and healthcare services.

    Discretionary retail sales including home furnishings, home garden and building materials, consumer electronics and department store sales, on the other hand, experienced a significant decline falling 0.58% since February 2008 and 3.66% compared to March 2007.

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  • Today, the Commerce Department released their monthly Retail Sales Report for October which continued to show an interesting and, with some pretty significant revisions to past results, even more significant correlation between declining consumer spending, particularly on discretionary items, and the decline in home values.

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  • Today, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) released their Pending Home Sales Report for January 2008 showing accelerating weakness to existing home sales activity and a clear continuation of the historic decline to residential housing on a year-over-year basis, both nationally and in every region.

    As the decline in demand for residential housing enters its third year, it’s important to consider the significance of both the extent of the decline and the severity of the oncoming declines to existing home sales activity clearly indicated by the current 20% year-over-year drop-off in pending home sales.

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  • Sources inside the Massachusetts Association of Realtors (MAR) report that next week’s monthly existing home sales results will show that April single family home sales crashed 15.8% on a year-over-year basis while condo sales collapsed a stunning 26.6% over the same period.

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  • Today, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) finally released their Pending Home Sales Report for September 2007 showing yet again a truly stark and horrendous continuation of the historic decline to residential housing on a year-over-year basis, both nationally and in every region.

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  • Today, the U.S. Census Department released its monthly New Residential Home Sales Report for November showing a further deterioration of the already hideous falloff in demand for new residential homes both nationally and in every region as well as again reporting significant downward revisions to August, September and October’s results.

  • Today, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) released their Pending Home Sales Report for February showing a weakening to existing home sales activity and a clear continuation of the historic decline to residential housing on a year-over-year basis, both nationally and across every region.

    As the decline in demand for residential housing slumps through its third year, it’s important to consider the significance of both the extent of the decline and the severity of the oncoming declines to existing home sales activity clearly indicated by the current 21.4% year-over-year drop-off in pending home sales.

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  • Today, the National Association of Realtors (NAR) released their Pending Home Sales Report for October 2007 showing yet again a truly stark continuation of the historic decline to residential housing on a year-over-year basis, both nationally and in every region.

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  • Yesterday’s release of the S&P/Case-Shiller home price indices for October continues to reflect significant weakness for the nation’s housing markets with 17 of the 20 metro areas tracked reporting year-over-year declines and now ALL metro areas showing declines from their respective peaks.

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    How’s that for an U.S. export! Take that you Redcoats!

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    The “Nationwide” series, which reported data through May indicated that U.K. home prices declined 4.4% on a year-over-year basis while the “Halifax” series, which reported data through April indicated that U.K. home prices declined 3.68% on a year-over-year basis.

  • Today’s release of the S&P/Case-Shiller home price indices for September continues to reflect significant weakness for the nation’s housing markets with 13 of the 20 metro areas tracked reporting year-over-year declines and now ALL metro areas showing declines from their respective peaks.

  • Today’s release of the S&P/Case-Shiller home price indices for November continues to reflect tremendous weakness for the nation’s housing markets with 17 of the 20 metro areas tracked reporting year-over-year declines and ALL metro areas showing declines from their respective peaks.

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  • Today’s release of the S&P/Case-Shiller home price indices for March continues to reflect the extraordinary weakness seen in the nation’s housing markets with now 19 of the 20 metro areas tracked reporting year-over-year declines and ALL metro areas showing substantial declines from their respective peaks.

    Readers should take a moment to carefully reflect on the charts below as this level of price decline occurring simultaneously across the whole of the U.S. is not only unprecedented but is probably the purest expression of the fundamental collapse of wealth and well being for our nations typical home owning household.

  • Today, the Massachusetts Association of Realtors (MAR) released their Existing Home Sales Report for October 2007 showing again the utter foolishness of MAR president Doug Azarian’s purported two month long winning streak of increasing home sales earlier this fall.

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  • Building on yesterday’s post, let’s take a look at some data that might provide a basis for drawing a conclusion to the first question posed, namely:

    1.) What, to date, has been the “direct” impact of the housing decline on the labor market including fallout from construction, real estate services, building materials, home furnishings, home services and retail?