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Envisioning Employment: Employment Situation January 2008

Reflecting both substantial benchmark revisions and ongoing weakness, today’s Employment Situation Report again showed declining growth to employment with both the Household and Establishment data indicating anemic conditions and a decline to total non-farm payrolls of 17,000 from December 2007.

The report also disclosed continued and even peaking below trend growth overall and substantial declines in sectors directly related to residential real estate and construction.

The following chart combines both the “residential building” and “residential specialty trade contractors” into one payroll series and then plotting the data since 2002.

Notice that, in aggregate, these payrolls, having peaked in March 2006 and declined 6.83% or 293,100 jobs since then, appear to be headed lower.

Also note that independently, “residential building” has lost 8.96% of its payrolls or 118,300 jobs since it peaked during September 2006 and that “residential specialty trade contractors” have lost 7.30% of its payrolls or 236,000 jobs since it peaked during February 2006.

Next, let’s take a look a slightly broader set of industry sectors that have been directly impacted both by the housing boom and now the bust (click for larger chart).

Note that I carefully selected sectors that showed either an obvious expansion-to-contraction trend OR a flattening-to-contraction trend and that ALL sectors have both a historical and logical relationship to residential housing as well as recent industry press releases disclosing declining profits as a result of the housing bust.

As you can see, sectors that are now being directly impacted by the current housing decline are numerous and cut across many levels of the job market from construction and materials to manufacturing and finally to retail.

Combining these series into an aggregate of payrolls “directly impacted” by the housing boom and bust cycle and plotting it, along with the S&P/Case-Shiller Composite Home Price Index (click on chart below for larger version) since 1997 provides some pretty solid evidence that a relationship exists.

To expand the analysis a bit look at the following chart that shows percent change on year-over-year basis to BOTH the “directly impacted” payrolls sectors and ALL private non-farm payroll overlaid with the S&P/Case-Shiller Composite Home Price Index.

The “directly impacted” payrolls are declining at an increasing rate and that overall private non-farm payrolls, while continuing to increase, are doing so at a declining rate.

To get a sense of the relative intensity of the pullback to the “directly impacted” payrolls by plotting both the percentage of overall private non-farm payrolls that the “directly impacted” aggregate represents as well as the contributions it is making to the rate of change of the underlying total private non-farm payrolls.

Notice that at its peak the “directly impacted” payrolls represented over 6.5% of Total Private Non-Farm Payrolls and now contracted to a degree similar to that seen during the entire course of the 2001-2003 contraction.

Plotting the ratio of overall and private non-farm payroll as well as the payroll of various business sectors to overall non-institutional population (above 16 years old and not in jail or “juvee”), the last eight years seem to pose more questions than answers.

The payroll-population ratio concept simply provides a mechanism for better isolating the changes to payroll rosters by calculating the percentage of population that is employed in a given sector at any given time.

In the following chart (click for larger version) you can see the ratio of overall non-farm payroll and private non-farm payroll to non-institutional population from 1948 overlaid with all U.S. recessions in that period.

There is a fairly strong correlation to declining percent of population employed in non-farm and private non-farm endeavors and recession with particularly good peak-trough alignment for all recessions prior to 1990.

During the 2001 recession (and to a far lesser extent in 1990), although there where large declines to the ratio during the official recession period, the economy seemed to be able resume growth while the ratio continued to slide or stayed well below the peak of the prior expansion.

This is an interesting situation in that, although increases in population have been steady and could have replenished the literal number of jobs lost during the downdraft of 2000-2003, the latest expansion of payrolls has not been strong.

The following chart (click for larger version), on the other hand, the payroll ratio related to construction has remained above even the peak set in the 90s expansion but now seems to be coming down.

As you can see, although 3.20% of the population currently is employed in a construction occupation, there is a chance that this percentage could drop below the trend resulting in 2,326,160.00 lost construction jobs for every 1% drop in ratio.

Of course these lost jobs could shift to some other part of the labor force but the point is, the current ratio appears poised to drop and with it will inevitably go many construction jobs.

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    The report also disclosed continued and even peaking below trend growth overall and substantial declines in sectors directly related to residential real estate and construction.

    The following chart combines both the “residential building” and “residential specialty trade contractors” into one payroll series and then plotting the data since 2002.

  • Today’s Employment Situation Report again showed declining employment with both the Household and Establishment data clearly indicating recessionary conditions.

    For March, total non-farm payrolls declined 80,000 from February while employment results from the Household survey declined 24,000 yielding an unemployment rate of 5.1%.

    Additionally, along with the weak results seen in March comes further downward revisions to January and February resulting in 207,000 private non-farm jobs being shed this year.

    The report also confirmed continued and even peaking below trend growth overall and substantial declines in sectors directly related to residential real estate and construction.

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  • While today’s Employment Situation Report showed growth to total non-farm payrolls it also disclosed continued and even peaking below trend growth overall and substantial declines in sectors directly related to residential real estate.

    The following chart combines both the “residential building” and “residential specialty trade contractors” into one payroll series and then plotting the data since 2002.

  • Today’s Employment Situation Report showed unequivocal signs of a slumping recessionary economy with the Household survey indicating an decline of 285,000 in employment and a whopping 861,000 increase in unemployment since April resulting in an unemployment rate of 5.5% while the Establishment survey showed a decline of 49,0000 non-farm jobs.

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  • Building on yesterday’s post, let’s take a look at some data that might provide a basis for drawing a conclusion to the first question posed, namely:

    1.) What, to date, has been the “direct” impact of the housing decline on the labor market including fallout from construction, real estate services, building materials, home furnishings, home services and retail?

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  • In an effort to gain some further perspective on the impact the housing decline could be having on the wider economy, I have added the Bureau of Labor Statistics (BLS) monthly Employment Situation report to the lineup of recurring posts.

    Ill expand the lineup of charts in future posts but for now, as a baseline, let’s look at the course that non-farm employment has taken (click for larger version) since 2003.

  • Today, the Department of Labor released their latest read Joblessness showing “initial” unemployment claims declining 1,000 and “continued” claims declining 75,000 resulting in an “insured” unemployment rate of 2.0%.

    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

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    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

    The following chart (click for larger version) shows “initial” and “continued” claims, averaged monthly, overlaid with U.S. recessions since 1967 and from 2000.

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  • Today, the Department of Labor released their latest read of Joblessness showing seasonally adjusted “initial” unemployment claims declining 53,000 to 357,000 from last week’s upwardly revised 410,000 claims and “continued” claims increased 3,000 resulting in an “insured” unemployment rate of 2.2%.

    It’s very important to understand that today’s report reflects employment weakness that is wholly consistent with past recessionary episodes and that unequivocal clarity will more than likely come in the next few releases.

    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

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    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

    The following chart (click for larger version) shows “initial” and “continued” claims, averaged monthly, overlaid with U.S. recessions since 1967 and from 2000.

    As you can see, acceleration to claims generally precedes recessions.

  • Today, the U.S. Census Bureau released their January read of construction spending again demonstrating the significant extent to which private residential construction is contracting particularly for single family structures.

    With the tremendous weakening trend continuing, total residential construction spending fell 19.69% as compared to January 2007 and 34.52% from the peak set in February 2006.

    Worse off though was private single family residential construction spending which declined 32.13% as compared to January 2007 and a truly grotesque 49.75% from the peak also set in February 2006.

  • Today, the Department of Labor released their latest read of Joblessness showing seasonally adjusted “initial” unemployment claims decreased 9,000 and “continued” claims increased 48,000 resulting in an “insured” unemployment rate of 2.1%.

    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

    The following chart (click for larger version) shows “initial” and “continued” claims, averaged monthly, overlaid with U.S. recessions since 1967 and from 2000.

    As you can see, acceleration to claims generally precedes recessions.

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    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

  • Today, the Department of Labor released their latest read of Joblessness showing seasonally adjusted “initial” unemployment claims decreasing 24,000 to 351,000 from last week’s upwardly revised 375,000 claims and “continued” claims increased 29,000 resulting in an “insured” unemployment rate of 2.1%.

    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

    The following chart (click for larger version) shows “initial” and “continued” claims, averaged monthly, overlaid with U.S. recessions since 1967 and from 2000.

    As you can see, acceleration to claims generally precedes recessions.

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    It’s very important to understand that today’s report continues to reflect employment weakness that is wholly consistent with past recessionary episodes and that unequivocal clarity will more than likely come in the next few releases.

    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

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    It’s very important to understand that today’s report continues to reflect employment weakness that is wholly consistent with past recessionary episodes and that unequivocal clarity will more than likely come in the next few releases.

    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

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  • Today, the Department of Labor released their latest read of Joblessness showing seasonally adjusted “initial” unemployment claims increased 4,000 to 372,000 from last week’s revised 368,000 claims and “continued” claims increased 36,000 resulting in an “insured” unemployment rate of 2.3%.

    It’s very important to understand that today’s report continues to reflect employment weakness that is wholly consistent with past recessionary episodes and that unequivocal clarity will more than likely come in the next few releases.

    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

  • Today, the Department of Labor released their latest read of Joblessness showing seasonally adjusted “initial” unemployment claims increasing 22,000 to 378,000 from last week’s upwardly revised 356,000 claims and “continued” claims increased 32,000 resulting in an “insured” unemployment rate of 2.2%.

    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

    The following chart (click for larger version) shows “initial” and “continued” claims, averaged monthly, overlaid with U.S. recessions since 1967 and from 2000.

    As you can see, acceleration to claims generally precedes recessions.

  • Today, the Department of Labor released their latest read of Joblessness showing seasonally adjusted “initial” unemployment claims increased 19,000 and “continued” claims increased 21,000 resulting in an “insured” unemployment rate of 2.1%.

    Historically, unemployment claims both “initial” and “continued” (ongoing claims) are a good leading indicator of the unemployment rate and inevitably the overall state of the economy.

    The following chart (click for larger version) shows “initial” and “continued” claims, averaged monthly, overlaid with U.S. recessions since 1967 and from 2000.

    As you can see, acceleration to claims generally precedes recessions.

  • Today, the Department of Labor released their latest read of Joblessness showing seasonally adjusted “initial” unemployment claims increasing 38,000 to 407,000 from last week’s upwardly revised 369,000 claims and “continued” claims increased 97,000 resulting in an “insured” unemployment rate of 2.2%.

    It’s very important to understand that today’s report reflects employment weakness that is wholly consistent with past recessionary episodes and that unequivocal clarity will more than likely come in the next few releases.

  • Today, the U.S. Census Bureau released their April read of construction spending again demonstrating the significant extent to which private residential construction is contracting particularly for single family structures while non-residential spending continued to grow essentially in-line with its recent expansion.

    With the tremendous weakening trend continuing, total residential construction spending fell 21.01% as compared to April 2007 and 37.39% from the peak set in February 2006.

    Worse off though was private single family residential construction spending which declined 37.51% as compared to April 2007 and a truly grotesque 56.07% from the peak set in February 2006.

  • Today, the U.S. Census Bureau released their February read of construction spending again demonstrating the significant extent to which private residential construction is contracting particularly for single family structures and giving a clear indication that a non-residential downturn is now well underway.

    With the tremendous weakening trend continuing, total residential construction spending fell 18.83% as compared to February 2007 and 34.35% from the peak set in February 2006.

    Worse off though was private single family residential construction spending which declined 33.56% as compared to February 2007 and a truly grotesque 52.41% from the peak set in February 2006.

  • Today the Bureau of Labor Statistics released their latest monthly read of job availability and turnover (JOLT) showing that, on a year-over-year basis, private non-farm job “openings” declined 9.67%, job “hires” declined 11.25%, and “separations” declined 6.60% led by a 8.51% drop in “quits”.

    Job “openings” (click chart below for larger version), the reports most leading “demand side” indicator, has now declined on a year-over-year basis for five consecutive months strongly suggesting that the private sector is planning to curtail future hiring activity.

  • Today the Bureau of Labor Statistics released their latest monthly read of job availability and turnover (JOLT) showing that, on a year-over-year basis, private non-farm job “openings” declined 8.85%, job “hires” declined 4.63%, and “separations” declined 0.38% led by a 5.47% drop in “quits”.

    Job “openings” (click chart below for larger version), the reports most leading “demand side” indicator, has now declined on a year-over-year basis for five consecutive months strongly suggesting that the private sector is planning to curtail future hiring activity.